Udawattakele Forest Reserve

Udawattakele Forest Reserve, located just above the bustling city of Kandy, is a tranquil sanctuary of lush greenery and diverse wildlife. This historic reserve, also known as the “Royal Forest Park of Kandy,” spans approximately 104 hectares (257 acres) and offers a serene escape from the urban environment, providing both historical significance and natural beauty.

 

Historical Background and Establishment

Udawattakele has a rich history dating back to ancient times when it served as a royal forest reserve for the Kandyan kings. The forest was a crucial part of the city’s defenses and played a significant role in the cultural and religious life of the area. In 1856, during the British colonial period, Udawattakele was designated as a forest reserve to protect its unique ecosystem and historical importance. Today, it remains a vital green space, contributing to Kandy’s ecological and cultural heritage.

 

Geographical and Climatic Features

Situated at an elevation ranging from 500 to 650 meters (1,640 to 2,130 feet) above sea level, Udawattakele Forest Reserve enjoys a cool and humid climate, ideal for its diverse flora and fauna. The reserve is characterized by:

  • Dense Forest Canopy:

    The forest is primarily composed of tropical rainforests, with a dense canopy that provides shelter for numerous plant and animal species. This lush vegetation creates a cool and shaded environment, perfect for exploring and observing wildlife.

  • Streams and Waterways:

    Several streams flow through the reserve, contributing to its lush vegetation and providing essential water sources for the wildlife. These waterways enhance the forest’s tranquility and offer picturesque spots for visitors.

  • Walking Trails:

    A network of well-maintained trails winds through the forest, allowing visitors to explore its diverse habitats and enjoy panoramic views of Kandy and its surroundings. These trails vary in difficulty, catering to both casual walkers and more experienced hikers.

 

Biodiversity and Wildlife

Udawattakele Forest Reserve is a biodiversity hotspot, home to a wide range of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic to Sri Lanka:

  • Flora:

    The forest boasts over 460 plant species, including a variety of trees, shrubs, and herbs. Notable species include the massive Dipterocarpus zeylanicus, various types of orchids, ferns, and medicinal plants. The dense undergrowth and towering trees create a rich and diverse habitat for the forest’s inhabitants.

  • Mammals:

    The reserve supports a variety of mammals, including toque macaques, wild boars, Indian muntjacs, and porcupines. The elusive rusty-spotted cat, one of the smallest wild cats in the world, can also be found here, adding to the forest’s allure for wildlife enthusiasts.

  • Birds:

    Udawattakele has over 80 recorded bird species within the reserve. Notable species include the Sri Lanka hanging parrot, Layard’s parakeet, brown-capped babbler, and the endemic yellow-fronted barbet. The forest’s diverse avian population highlights its importance as a key bird conservation area.

  • Reptiles and Amphibians:

    The reserve is home to several species of reptiles and amphibians, including various types of lizards, snakes, and frogs. The forest’s streams and wetlands provide ideal habitats for these species, contributing to the overall biodiversity of the reserve.

 

Conservation and Research Efforts

Udawattakele Forest Reserve is a focal point for conservation and research initiatives aimed at preserving its unique ecosystems and biodiversity:

  • Wildlife Monitoring:

    Research programs within the reserve focus on monitoring wildlife populations, studying animal behavior, and assessing the impacts of environmental changes. These programs provide valuable data for informed management and conservation strategies.

  • Habitat Restoration Projects:

    Efforts are ongoing to restore degraded areas within the reserve, including reforestation projects and the removal of invasive plant species. These initiatives aim to enhance habitat quality and support native wildlife populations.

  • Community Involvement:

    The reserve works closely with local communities to promote sustainable livelihoods and reduce human-wildlife conflict. Ecotourism initiatives, education programs, and community-based conservation projects foster a sense of stewardship and support for wildlife conservation.

 

Tourist Attractions and Activities

  • Walking and Hiking Trails:

    Udawattakele offers several well-marked trails, providing opportunities to explore its diverse landscapes and enjoy panoramic views of Kandy and its surroundings. Popular trails include the Lady Horton’s Drive, the Senkanda Cave, and the Kodimale Hill.

  • Birdwatching:

    Birdwatchers can enjoy dedicated birdwatching tours, exploring the reserve’s diverse avian habitats and spotting rare and endemic bird species.

  • Photography:

    The reserve’s varied landscapes and abundant wildlife offer excellent opportunities for photography, from capturing vibrant bird species to the lush greenery of the forest.

  • Historical Sites:

    Within the forest, visitors can explore historical sites such as the Senkanda Cave, believed to have been used by an ancient hermit, and the Garrison Cemetery, a British colonial-era cemetery that adds a historical dimension to the natural beauty of the reserve.

  • Educational Programs:

    The reserve offers educational programs and guided tours, providing insights into the forest’s ecology, wildlife, and conservation efforts. These programs aim to raise awareness and foster a deeper appreciation for the natural world.

 

Practical Information

  • Accessibility:

    Udawattakele Forest Reserve is located just a short distance from Kandy’s city center, making it easily accessible by foot, car, or public transportation. The main entrance is near the Temple of the Tooth, one of Kandy’s most famous landmarks.

  • Best Time to Visit:

    The reserve is open year-round, but the best time to visit is during the dry season from December to April when the weather is more predictable, and wildlife sightings are more frequent. Early morning and late afternoon visits are recommended for optimal wildlife viewing and to avoid the midday heat.

  • Safety Tips:

    Visitors should follow reserve guidelines and respect wildlife by maintaining a safe distance and not feeding animals. It is advisable to wear comfortable clothing, carry sunscreen and insect repellent, and bring plenty of water during safari tours.

 

Udawattakele Forest Reserve exemplifies the harmonious coexistence of nature and history. Its lush forests, rich biodiversity, and serene trails offer a unique escape from the hustle and bustle of Kandy, inviting visitors to immerse themselves in the tranquility of nature. Whether you’re exploring its historical sites, birdwatching, or simply enjoying a peaceful walk, Udawattakele provides a sanctuary of calm and a reminder of the importance of preserving such natural havens. This reserve is not just a green space; it is a living museum of Sri Lanka’s natural and cultural heritage, inspiring awe and respect in all who visit.

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