Bundala National Park is located in the southeastern coastal region of Sri Lanka, approximately 245 kilometers from Colombo and near the city of Hambantota. The park covers an area of about 62 square kilometers and is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Bundala National Park was designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1969 and upgraded to national park status in 1993. In 1990, it became Sri Lanka’s first Ramsar site, highlighting its importance as a wetland of international significance. The park’s establishment aims to protect its unique wetland ecosystem and the myriad of migratory birds that visit annually.
Bundala National Park is renowned for its diverse ecosystems, including:
The park features several brackish lagoons, salt pans, and marshes that are crucial habitats for migratory birds and aquatic species.
The scrublands and arid zones are adapted to the dry climate, supporting a variety of drought-resistant plants and animals.
Coastal dunes and sandy beaches provide nesting sites for marine turtles.
Bundala is celebrated for its rich biodiversity, especially its avian population:
The park is a haven for birdwatchers, with over 200 bird species recorded. It is particularly famous for its flamingo population, which can number in the thousands. Other notable species include the Eurasian spoonbill, black-headed ibis, and the painted stork. Migratory birds from northern latitudes flock to Bundala during the winter months.
The park is home to several mammals, including elephants, spotted deer, jackals, wild boar, and the endangered Sri Lankan leopard. The elusive fishing cat is also found here.
Bundala hosts a variety of reptiles, including mugger crocodiles, saltwater crocodiles, and five species of marine turtles that nest on its beaches. The park’s wetlands support numerous amphibians.
The coastal waters and lagoons are rich in marine life, including various species of fish and crustaceans.
Bundala National Park is a focus of significant conservation and research initiatives:
Efforts to preserve the park’s wetland ecosystems are crucial for maintaining its biodiversity and supporting migratory bird populations.
Ongoing research projects study bird migration patterns, wetland ecology, and the impacts of climate change on the park’s habitats.
Bundala is a premier destination for birdwatching, especially during the migratory season from October to March. Specialized birdwatching tours offer opportunities to spot rare and migratory species.
Guided jeep safaris allow visitors to explore the park’s diverse landscapes and observe its wildlife up close.
The park’s varied ecosystems and abundant wildlife provide excellent opportunities for nature photography.
Designated trails and boardwalks offer visitors the chance to explore the park on foot, providing a closer look at its flora and fauna.
Bundala National Park is accessible by road from major cities like Colombo and Hambantota. The park is located near the main A2 coastal highway.
The best time to visit is during the migratory bird season from October to March. The park is open year-round, but wildlife sightings are more frequent during the dry season.
Visitors should follow park guidelines and respect wildlife by maintaining a safe distance and not feeding animals. It is advisable to wear comfortable clothing, carry sunscreen and insect repellent, and bring plenty of water during safari tours.
Bundala National Park stands out as a unique wetland sanctuary in Sri Lanka, offering an unparalleled experience for birdwatchers, nature enthusiasts, and photographers. Its commitment to conservation and its diverse ecosystems make it a vital destination for anyone interested in exploring Sri Lanka’s natural heritage.